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Explore the rich Iraq history timeline from Mesopotamian civilizations and Islamic golden ages to modern independence movements, scientific discoveries, and political transitions. |
Ancient Iraq Civilizations
Between 65,000 and 35,000 BC, northern Iraq was inhabited by Neanderthals, with significant archaeological evidence found in Shanidar Cave. The emergence of agriculture and permanent settlements marked the Neolithic period around 10,000 BC. Ancient Iraq civilizations include Sumer, Akkad, Babylon, and Assyria, each contributing to early advancements in writing, law, astronomy, and architecture.
Sumerians, from around 4000 BC, established city-states like Ur and Uruk and developed cuneiform writing. The Akkadian Empire, led by Sargon the Great, created the world’s first known empire. Later, the Babylonian Empire brought forth Hammurabi’s Code, and the Assyrians ruled with military strength and administrative innovations.
What Was Iraq Called Before 1920?
Before modern statehood, Iraq was a geographical term for the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. It was historically known as Mesopotamia. During different periods, the region was part of the Akkadian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Persian, Greek, Roman, Sassanid, and Islamic empires.
History of Iraq Before Islam
The Rise of Islam and Islamic Dynasties
Islam entered Iraq after the Battle of al-Qadisiyyah in 636 AD. The Rashidun Caliphate established dominance, followed by the Umayyads and Abbasids. Baghdad, founded in 762 AD, became the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate and a center of the Islamic Golden Age, known for remarkable scientific discoveries of Iraq in medicine, mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy.
Iraq Empires and Dynasties
Key Iraq empires and dynasties include:
Akkadian Empire
Neo-Sumerian Empire
Babylonian and Neo-Babylonian Empires
Assyrian Empire
Abbasid Caliphate
Ottoman Empire
After the Mongol invasion in 1258 and subsequent decline, Ottoman rule began in the 16th century and lasted until World War I.
World Wars and Iraq
During World War I, the British occupied Iraq, leading to the formation of the British Mandate of Mesopotamia. After years of nationalist pressure and independence movements of Iraq, it became the Kingdom of Iraq in 1932. World War II also impacted Iraq's politics and its ties with Britain.
Modern History of Iraq
The monarchy was overthrown in 1958, leading to a series of military coups. Saddam Hussein rose to power in 1979. The Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988) and the Gulf War (1990–1991) marked significant chapters in Iraq history of war. In 2003, the U.S.-led invasion ousted Saddam, starting years of instability, insurgency, and the rise of ISIS.
Famous Leaders of Iraq in History
Notable historical leaders of Iraq include:
Sargon of Akkad – Founder of the Akkadian Empire
Hammurabi – Babylonian king known for Hammurabi’s Code
Nebuchadnezzar II – Neo-Babylonian king
Harun al-Rashid – Abbasid Caliph
Saddam Hussein – 20th-century president
Iraq Flag and Identity
Can You Still Travel to Iraq?
Can you still travel to Iraq? Yes, but travel is advised with caution. Some regions are safer than others, such as Kurdistan in northern Iraq. Travelers must stay informed of the latest advisories and local laws.
What are 5 Facts About Iraq?
Iraq is home to Babylon, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
Baghdad was once the world's largest city.
Iraq is rich in oil, possessing one of the largest reserves globally.
The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers support agriculture and civilization.
Iraq’s legal code dates back to Hammurabi’s Code.
What is the Most Popular Drink in Iraq?
Is Iraq Hot or Cold?
Is Iraq hot or cold? Iraq has a desert climate with extremely hot summers (often exceeding 45°C or 113°F) and mild winters. Northern regions can experience cold and snow.
When Was Iraq Founded?
When was Iraq founded? The modern state of Iraq was founded in 1920 under the British mandate and gained full independence in 1932.
Summary: What Is the Brief History of Iraq?
What is the brief history of Iraq? Iraq, formerly Mesopotamia, has a history stretching back to Neanderthals and Sumerians. It became a center of ancient empires, later embraced Islam, flourished under the Abbasids, suffered under invasions, and endured colonial, monarchical, and authoritarian regimes in the 20th century. It continues to evolve as a nation of deep historical significance.
